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            <div class="post-toc animated"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">概要</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">基本格式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">例子</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#tlmgr-option-repository-ctan"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">tlmgr option repository ctan</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F"><span class="nav-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">大陆地区镜像</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#tlmgr-update---list"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">tlmgr update --list</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#tlmgr-update---all"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">tlmgr update --all</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#tlmgr-info-what"><span class="nav-number">3.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">tlmgr info &lt;what&gt;</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9-options"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">选项 (OPTIONS)</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#repository-urlpath"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">--repository &lt;url|path&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#gui-action"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">--gui [action]</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#gui-lang-llcode"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">--gui-lang &lt;llcode&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#command-logfile-file"><span class="nav-number">4.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">--command-logfile &lt;file&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#debug-translation"><span class="nav-number">4.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">--debug-translation</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#machine-readable"><span class="nav-number">4.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">--machine-readable</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#package-logfile-file"><span class="nav-number">4.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">--package-logfile &lt;file&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#pause"><span class="nav-number">4.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">--pause</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#usermode"><span class="nav-number">4.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">--usermode</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#usertree-dir"><span class="nav-number">4.10.</span> <span class="nav-text">--usertree &lt;dir&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#verify-repononemainall"><span class="nav-number">4.11.</span> <span class="nav-text">--verify-repo&#x3D;&lt;none|main|all&gt;</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C-actions"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">操作 (ACTIONS)</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#help"><span class="nav-number">5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">help</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#version"><span class="nav-number">5.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">version</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#backup"><span class="nav-number">5.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">backup</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#backup-option..-pkg...-all"><span class="nav-number">5.3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">backup [option..] &lt;pkg...|-all&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#backupdir-dir"><span class="nav-number">5.3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">--backupdir &lt;dir&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#all"><span class="nav-number">5.3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">--all</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#cleann"><span class="nav-number">5.3.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">--clean[&#x3D;N]</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#dry-run"><span class="nav-number">5.3.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">--dry-run</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#candidate-pkg"><span class="nav-number">5.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">candidate &lt;pkg&gt;</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#check-option...-dependsexcutesfilesrunfilestexmfdbsall"><span class="nav-number">5.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">check [option...] &lt;depends|excutes|files|runfiles|texmfdbs|all&gt;</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#depends"><span class="nav-number">5.5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">depends</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#excutes"><span class="nav-number">5.5.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">excutes</span></a></li><li class="nav-item 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          tlmgr 的介绍
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<p>这篇文章是用来熟悉 TeX Live 自带的包管理器 <code>tlmgr(TeX Live Manager)</code> 的使用, 官方文档位于 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html">TUG</a>, 这个文档会不定期更新我看的懂的并且觉得有用的部分. 这是一个翻译文档, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/syvshc/tlmgr-intro-zh-cn">关于 <code>tlmgr</code> 使用方法的简介</a> 已经完成, 欢迎提 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/syvshc/tlmgr-intro-zh-cn/issues">issue</a> 或者 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/syvshc/tlmgr-intro-zh-cn/pulls">PR</a> 来帮我改进这份文档.</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<p><strong>注意</strong>:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>文档中被中括号<code>[]</code>框起来的为可选参数, 如 <code>--gui [action]</code>,</li>
<li>被尖括号<code>&lt;&gt;</code>框起来的为必要参数, 如 <code>tlmgr info &lt;what&gt;</code>,</li>
<li>被 <code>|</code> 分割开的选项为 n 选 1, 如 <code>backup [option] &lt;pkg|-all&gt;</code>,</li>
<li>文档中的 "软件包" 有时不仅指被用在 <code>\usepackage&#123;&#125;</code> 中的软件包.</li>
<li>命令中带有 <code>...</code> 的选项或参数意味着它们可以被填入不只一个内容, 如 <code>install [option...] &lt;pkg...&gt;</code> 说明你可以使用 <code>tlmgr install --force --reinstall ctex, amsmath</code>.</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="概要">概要</h2>
<p><code>tlmgr</code> 管理着 TeX Live 中的软件包以及配置. 最新的文档以及测试版本的信息位于 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html">https://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</a> .</p>
<p>TeX Live 由一些最高级别的 schemes 组成, 每一种 scheme 都是由不同的 collections 与 packages 组成, 其中 collection 是 packages 的集合, 而 packages 是包含了一些文件的包. Schemes 里一般既有 collections 也有 packages, 但是每一个 package 都属于且只属于一个 collection.</p>
<p>使用 <code>tlmgr info collections</code> 可以列出 collections 的信息.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">❯❯ tlmgr info collections</span><br><span class="line">i collection-basic: Essential programs and files</span><br><span class="line">i collection-bibtexextra: BibTeX additional styles</span><br><span class="line">i collection-binextra: TeX auxiliary programs</span><br><span class="line">i collection-context: ConTeXt and packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-fontsextra: Additional fonts</span><br><span class="line">i collection-fontsrecommended: Recommended fonts</span><br><span class="line">i collection-fontutils: Graphics and font utilities</span><br><span class="line">i collection-formatsextra: Additional formats</span><br><span class="line">i collection-games: Games typesetting</span><br><span class="line">i collection-humanities: Humanities packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langarabic: Arabic</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langchinese: Chinese</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langcjk: Chinese/Japanese/Korean (base)</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langcyrillic: Cyrillic</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langczechslovak: Czech/Slovak</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langenglish: US and UK English</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langeuropean: Other European languages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langfrench: French</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langgerman: German</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langgreek: Greek</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langitalian: Italian</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langjapanese: Japanese</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langkorean: Korean</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langother: Other languages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langpolish: Polish</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langportuguese: Portuguese</span><br><span class="line">i collection-langspanish: Spanish</span><br><span class="line">i collection-latex: LaTeX fundamental packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-latexextra: LaTeX additional packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-latexrecommended: LaTeX recommended packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-luatex: LuaTeX packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-mathscience: Mathematics, natural sciences, computer science packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-metapost: MetaPost and Metafont packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-music: Music packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-pictures: Graphics, pictures, diagrams</span><br><span class="line">i collection-plaingeneric: Plain (La)TeX packages</span><br><span class="line">i collection-pstricks: PSTricks</span><br><span class="line">i collection-publishers: Publisher styles, theses, etc.</span><br><span class="line">i collection-texworks: TeXworks editor; TL includes only the Windows binary</span><br><span class="line">i collection-wintools: Windows-only support programs</span><br><span class="line">i collection-xetex: XeTeX and packages</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>用 <code>tlmgr info schemes</code> 可以列出 schemes 的信息</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">❯❯ tlmgr info schemes</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-basic: basic scheme (plain and latex)</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-context: ConTeXt scheme</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-full: full scheme (everything)</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-gust: GUST TeX Live scheme</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-infraonly: infrastructure-only scheme (no TeX at all)</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-medium: medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-minimal: minimal scheme (plain only)</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-small: small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)</span><br><span class="line">i scheme-tetex: teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://tug.org/texlive/doc">TeX Live 文档</a> 查看 TeX Live 的全部可用文档.</p>
<h2 id="基本格式">基本格式</h2>
<p><code>tlmgr</code> 使用的基本格式为: <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr [option...] &lt;action&gt; [option...] [operand...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="例子">例子</h2>
<p>成功安装 TeX Live 后, 可以设置一些 <code>tlmgr</code> 上的常用配置:</p>
<h3 id="tlmgr-option-repository-ctan"><code>tlmgr option repository ctan</code></h3>
<p>告诉 <code>tlmgr</code> 它可以从一个附近的 CTAN 镜像去获取最近的更新, 这条命令还可以写成 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 其中 <code>ctan</code> 是 <code>http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</code> 的别名.</p>
<p><strong>注意</strong> mirror.ctan.org 会被解析为多个不同的域名, 它们并不是完全同步的, 我们建议 (它们) 最多每天更新一次<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a>. 如果出现了问题, 我们建议您选择一个特定的镜像站. 全部的镜像站以及它们的状态会列在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ctan.org/mirrors/mirmon">镜像站列表</a>.</p>
<h4 id="大陆地区镜像">大陆地区镜像</h4>
<p>大陆用户可以将源指定为国内的镜像站, 在 CTAN 上可以找到 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ctan.org/mirrors#Asia">亚洲镜像列表</a> . 下面列举出截止至 2021-03-04 可用的镜像站<a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref"><sup>2</sup></a>:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>镜像名</th>
<th>镜像地址</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/">阿里云</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.aliyun.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/">北京交通大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ctan/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.bit.edu.cn/web/">北京理工大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.bit.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/">北京外国语大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/">重庆大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.dgut.edu.cn/">东莞理工学院</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.dgut.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.hit.edu.cn/">哈尔滨工业大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.hit.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/">华为云</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/">华中科技大学</a></td>
<td>http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/">兰州大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/">南京大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/">清华大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/">上海交通大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/ctan/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.geekpie.club/">上海科技大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.geekpie.club/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/">腾讯云</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/">中国科学技术大学</a></td>
<td>https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>并用 <code>tlmgr option repository &lt;site&gt;/tlnet</code> 的方式进行设置.</p>
<h3 id="tlmgr-update---list"><code>tlmgr update --list</code></h3>
<p>仅列出所有可以被升级的内容.</p>
<h3 id="tlmgr-update---all"><code>tlmgr update --all</code></h3>
<p>将您本地的 TeX 安装内容与包管理库中的内容同步.</p>
<h3 id="tlmgr-info-what"><code>tlmgr info &lt;what&gt;</code></h3>
<p>列出 <code>&lt;what&gt;</code> 的详细信息, 比如它的安装状态以及介绍. 例如, 使用 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr info ctex</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 可以查看 <code>ctex</code> 宏集的详细信息: <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package:     ctex</span><br><span class="line">category:    Package</span><br><span class="line">shortdesc:   LaTeX classes and packages <span class="keyword">for</span> Chinese typesetting</span><br><span class="line">longdesc:    ctex is a collection of macro packages and document classes <span class="keyword">for</span> LaTeX Chinese typesetting.</span><br><span class="line">installed:   Yes</span><br><span class="line">revision:    56705</span><br><span class="line">sizes:       src: 473k, doc: 1101k, run: 1749k</span><br><span class="line">relocatable: No</span><br><span class="line">cat-version: 2.5.5</span><br><span class="line">cat-license: lppl1.3c</span><br><span class="line">cat-topics:  chinese book-pub class</span><br><span class="line">cat-contact-bugs: https://github.com/CTeX-org/ctex-kit/issues</span><br><span class="line">cat-contact-home: http://www.ctex.org/HomePage</span><br><span class="line">cat-contact-repository: https://github.com/CTeX-org/ctex-kit</span><br><span class="line">collection:  collection-langchinese</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 对于 <code>tlmgr</code> 的更详细的用法, 请继续阅读.</p>
<h2 id="选项-options">选项 (OPTIONS)</h2>
<p>下列 <code>tlmgr</code> 的选项是<strong>全局</strong>选项, 不是特定于某一个命令的 (action specific). 对于所有的选项, 无论是全局的还是命令特定的, 都可以在 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr [option...] action [option...] [operand...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 的任意位置, 按任意顺序使用. 命令中第一个不是选项的变量将会成为这个命令的主要操作 (main action). 在所有的情况中 <code>-option</code> 与 <code>--option</code> 是等价的, <code>=</code> 可以放在一个选项名和它的值之间, 按 <code>key=value</code> 的格式使用.</p>
<h3 id="repository-urlpath"><code>--repository &lt;url|path&gt;</code></h3>
<p>指定一个软件包的仓库, 可以是本地文件夹 <code>&lt;path&gt;</code> 或者网络位置 <code>&lt;url&gt;</code>. 这个设置会临时覆盖掉 TeX Live Package Database (TLPDB, 由文件 <code>tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</code> 给出) 中默认的软件包仓库.</p>
<p><strong>注意</strong> <code>--repository &lt;url|path&gt;</code> 命令只会修改当前运行的仓库选择, 如果想长期修改仓库, 可以使用 <code>option repository</code> (见 <a href="#action-option"><code>option</code></a>操作)</p>
<p>比如, 你可以这样选择一个特定的 CTAN 镜像</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-repository http://ctan.example.org/its/ctan/dir/systems/texlive/tlnet</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当然，我们必须指定一个真正的主机名及其特定的最高级的 CTAN 目录. 全部可用的 CTAN 镜像可以在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ctan.org/mirrors/mirmon">镜像站列表</a> 处查看.</p>
<p>下面是一个使用本地目录的例子:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-repository /<span class="built_in">local</span>/TL/repository</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以使用 <code>--repo</code> 作为 <code>--repository</code> 的简化.</p>
<p>剩下是一些特定的网络下的设置, 略过.</p>
<h3 id="gui-action"><code>--gui [action]</code></h3>
<p><code>tlmgr</code> 有两个 GUI 前端, <code>tlshell</code> 和 <code>tlcockpit</code>, 它们是由不同的程序启动的, 详情可以查看它们的文档.</p>
<p>与命令行界面一样, <code>tlmgr</code> 自己有一个图形界面. 我们可以用一个选项 <code>-gui</code> 来调用它. 如果后面还跟着一个操作 (action), 那么会直接在图形界面执行这个操作, 比如</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr --gui update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>会直接启动升级图形界面. 如果 <code>-gui</code> 后面没有跟着操作, 那么就直接打开 GUI 的主界面. 由于我不使用 GUI 界面, 这里就不对这一部分进行介绍, 详情可以参考 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#GUI-FOR-TLMGR">GUI FOR TLMGR</a></p>
<h3 id="gui-lang-llcode"><code>--gui-lang &lt;llcode&gt;</code></h3>
<p>通常情况来说, GUI 会从计算机中获取你使用的语言. 如果它没成功, 或者你想指定一个语言的 GUI 界面, 可以设置:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>语言</th>
<th>语言代码</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>英语</td>
<td><code>en</code>, 默认</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>捷克语</td>
<td><code>cs</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>德语</td>
<td><code>de</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>法语</td>
<td><code>fr</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>意大利语</td>
<td><code>it</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>日语</td>
<td><code>ja</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>荷兰语</td>
<td><code>nl</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>波兰语</td>
<td><code>pl</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>巴西葡萄牙语</td>
<td><code>pt_BR</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>俄语</td>
<td><code>ru</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>斯洛伐克语</td>
<td><code>sl</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>塞尔维亚语</td>
<td><code>sr</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>乌克兰语</td>
<td><code>uk</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>越南语</td>
<td><code>vi</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>简体中文</td>
<td><code>zh_CN</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>繁体中文</td>
<td><code>zh_TW</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="command-logfile-file"><code>--command-logfile &lt;file&gt;</code></h3>
<p>将 <code>tlmgr</code> 调用的所有程序 (<code>mktexlr</code>, <code>mtxrun</code>, <code>fmtutil</code>, <code>updmap</code>) 的输出写入一个文件 <code>&lt;file&gt;</code> 中, 默认位置为 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TEXMFSYSVAR&#x2F;web2c&#x2F;tlmgr-commands.log</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="debug-translation"><code>--debug-translation</code></h3>
<p>一个协助翻译的选项, 略过</p>
<h3 id="machine-readable"><code>--machine-readable</code></h3>
<p>将标准输出写成一个更适合计算机解析的格式</p>
<h3 id="package-logfile-file"><code>--package-logfile &lt;file&gt;</code></h3>
<p><code>tlmgr</code> 将所有软件包操作 (<code>install</code>, <code>remove</code>, <code>update</code>, <code>failed updates</code>, <code>failed restores</code>) 写入一个单独的日志文件, 默认位置为 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TEXMFSYSVAR&#x2F;web2c&#x2F;tlmgr.log</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 这个选项让你可以为日志文件指定另一个路径.</p>
<h3 id="pause"><code>--pause</code></h3>
<p>让 <code>tlmgr</code> 在退出之前等待用户输入, 在 Windows 上可以避免命令行的消失.</p>
<h3 id="usermode"><code>--usermode</code></h3>
<p>在这次运行 <code>tlmgr</code> 时启用 user mode. 见 <a href="#user-mode"><code>USER MODE</code></a></p>
<h3 id="usertree-dir"><code>--usertree &lt;dir&gt;</code></h3>
<p>在 <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code> 中创建 user mode 的树. 见 <a href="#user-mode"><code>USER MODE</code></a></p>
<h3 id="verify-repononemainall"><code>--verify-repo=&lt;none|main|all&gt;</code></h3>
<p>没看懂</p>
<p>TeX Live 程序的标准选项也可以使用, 比如 <code>--help/-h/-?</code>, <code>--version</code>, <code>-q</code> (无提示信息), <code>-v</code> (显示调试信息)</p>
<h2 id="操作-actions">操作 (ACTIONS)</h2>
<h3 id="help"><code>help</code></h3>
<p>显示一个帮助信息并退出, 与 <code>--help</code> 选项的作用相同, 实际就是打开一个与 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html"><code>tlmgr</code>帮助文档</a> 相同的帮助信息.</p>
<h3 id="version"><code>version</code></h3>
<p>给出版本信息, 与 <code>--version</code> 选项相同, 如果也使用了 <code>-v</code> 选项, 那么所使用模块的版本信息也会被打印.</p>
<h3 id="backup"><code>backup</code></h3>
<h4 id="backup-option..-pkg...-all"><code>backup [option..] &lt;pkg...|-all&gt;</code></h4>
<p>如果没有指定 <code>--clean</code> 选项, 那么这个操作会创建一个软件包 <code>&lt;pkg&gt;</code> 的备份, 如果使用了 <code>-all</code> 选项, 则创建一个全部软件包的备份.</p>
<p>备份文件的位置将由 <code>--backupdir &lt;dir&gt;</code> 指定, 前提是 <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code> 存在并且可写. 如果没有指定 <code>--backupdir</code>, 那么就使用 TLPDB 中设置的 <code>backupdir</code>, 如果二者皆空, 那么将不会创建备份.</p>
<p>安装程序将 <code>backupdir</code> 默认设置在了 TeX Live 根目录下的 <code>./tlpkg/backups</code> 中, 所以如果没有额外的设置, <code>backupdir</code> 总是存在. 查看 <a href="#action-option"><code>option</code></a> 以获得更多信息.</p>
<p>如果指定了 <code>--clean</code> 选项, 那么备份文件将被删除, 而不是被保存. 一个可选的整数值 <code>N</code> 可以指定在清理时保留的备份数. 如果没有指定 <code>N</code>, 那么将使用 <code>autobackup</code> 的值, <code>autobackup</code> 默认在 TLPDB 中为 <code>1</code>. 如果二者皆空, 那么将会报错. 查看 <a href="#action-option"><code>option</code></a> 来获得更多关于删除备份文件的详细信息.</p>
<p><code>backup</code> 操作的特定选项:</p>
<h4 id="backupdir-dir"><code>--backupdir &lt;dir&gt;</code></h4>
<p>临时覆盖 TLPDB 中 <code>backupdir</code> 的值. 参数 <code>&lt;dir&gt;</code> 必须要指定, 这是备份文件存放的路径, 它必须要存在且可写</p>
<h4 id="all"><code>--all</code></h4>
<p>如果没有指定 <code>--clean</code> 选项, 那么创建一个 TeX Live 安装过的所有软件包的备份, 这会消耗大量的存储空间与时间. 如果指定 <code>--clean</code> 选项, 所有的备份将被删除.</p>
<h4 id="cleann"><code>--clean[=N]</code></h4>
<p>删除备份目录 <code>backupdir</code> 中的旧备份, 而不是创建备份. 可选参数整数值 <code>N</code> 会临时覆盖 TLPDB 中 <code>autobackup</code> 的值. 如果使用这个选项, 那么必须要指定 <code>--all</code> 或者一列软件包.</p>
<h4 id="dry-run"><code>--dry-run</code></h4>
<p>备份或删除的操作将被打印在终端而不真正进行备份或者删除, 如 <code>tlmgr --dry-run backup ctex</code> 会打印出 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">❯❯ tlmgr --dry-run backup ctex</span><br><span class="line">would save current status of ctex to d:/texlive/2020/tlpkg/backups/ctex.r56705.tar.lz4</span><br><span class="line">no action taken due to --dry-run</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="candidate-pkg"><code>candidate &lt;pkg&gt;</code></h3>
<p>显示软件包 <code>&lt;pkg&gt;</code> 的候选仓库 (candidate repository). 见 <a href="#multiple-repository">MULTIPLE REPOSITORY</a></p>
<h3 id="check-option...-dependsexcutesfilesrunfilestexmfdbsall"><code>check [option...] &lt;depends|excutes|files|runfiles|texmfdbs|all&gt;</code></h3>
<p>执行安装的一致性 (consistency of installation) 的一个或者全部检查, 如果没发现问题, 那么将不会有输出. (如果想看看 <code>tlmgr</code> 做了什么, 可以用 <code>tlmgr -v check</code>)</p>
<h4 id="depends"><code>depends</code></h4>
<p>列出那些没有被安装, 但是作为安装集合的软件包的依赖, 以及哪些没有包含在任何集合中的软件包.</p>
<p>如果使用 <code>tlmgr check collections</code>, 同样会执行 <code>tlmgr check depends</code>, 因为旧版本的 <code>tlmgr</code> 就是这么做的.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">❯❯ tlmgr check collections</span><br><span class="line">tlmgr.pl: <span class="string">&quot;collections&quot;</span> check has been replaced by <span class="string">&quot;depends&quot;</span>.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="excutes"><code>excutes</code></h4>
<p>检查 TeX Live 数据库中 <code>execute</code>指令引用的文件是否存在. Check that the files referred to by execute directives in the TeX Live Database are present.</p>
<h4 id="files"><code>files</code></h4>
<p>检查列在 TLPDB (<code>texlive.tlpdb</code>) 是否真的存在, 列出不存在的软件包.</p>
<h4 id="runfiles"><code>runfiles</code></h4>
<p>列出在执行文件中出现多次的文件名, 除了已知的重复文件名.</p>
<h4 id="texmfdbs"><code>texmfdbs</code></h4>
<p>检查与 <code>ls-R</code> 相关的文件. 如果你已经定义了新的 <code>TEXMF</code> 树, 或者更改了 <code>TEXMF</code> 或 <code>TEXMFDBS</code> 变量, 那运行它也没什么坏处 (it can't hurt to run this). 它检查了</p>
<ul>
<li>all items in <code>TEXMFDBS</code> have the <code>!!</code> prefix.</li>
<li>all items in <code>TEXMFBDS</code> have an <code>ls-R</code> file (if they exist at all).</li>
<li>all items in <code>TEXMF</code> with <code>!!</code> are listed in <code>TEXMFDBS</code>.</li>
<li>all items in <code>TEXMF</code> with an <code>ls-R</code> file are listed in <code>TEXMFDBS</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>这些没看懂.</p>
<p><code>check</code> 操作的特定选项:</p>
<h4 id="use-svn"><code>--use-svn</code></h4>
<p>在检查 TL 的发展仓库(? development repository) 时, 用 <code>svn status</code> 输出代替文件列表. (This is run nightly).</p>
<h3 id="conf-dump-tlpdb-generate-gui"><code>conf</code>, <code>dump-tlpdb</code>, <code>generate</code>, <code>gui</code></h3>
<p>略</p>
<h3 id="info"><code>info</code></h3>
<h4 id="info-option...-pkg...collectionsschemes"><code>info [option...] [pkg...|collections|schemes]</code></h4>
<p>如果没有参数, 列出仓库中全部的可用软件包, 把哪些已经安装的用 <code>i</code> 作为前缀.</p>
<p>如果用 <code>collections</code> 或者 <code>schemes</code>, 列出所需的类型, 而不输出软件包名 .</p>
<p>如果用任何其他的参数, 那么就把参数看成软件包名 <code>&lt;pkg...&gt;</code>, 并列出它的信息: 名称 (name), 分类 (category), 简短以及详细的介绍 (short and long description), 大小 (size), 安装状态 (installation status), 以及 TeX Live 中它的修订号 (TeX Live revision number).</p>
<p>如果 <code>&lt;pkg...&gt;</code> 在本地与线上都没有找到, 那么将会搜索与它相关的软件包和文件.</p>
<p>它也会显示从 TeX Catalogue 上获取的信息, 比如软件包版本 (package version), 日期 (date), 和许可证 (license). 考虑这些，特别是软件包版本，获得的信息仅仅是近似的，这是由于不同部分更新的时间偏差造成的.</p>
<p>旧操作 <code>show</code> 与 <code>list</code> 已经被合并到这个操作中, 但是为了后续的兼容性这两个操作依然可用.</p>
<p><code>info</code> 操作的特定选项:</p>
<h4 id="list"><code>--list</code></h4>
<p>如果指定了 <code>--list</code> 选项, 并且跟了一个软件包 <code>&lt;pkg...&gt;</code>, 那么这个软件包的包含文件也会被展示, 比如执行文件, 源文件, 软件包文档等等, 包括平台特定的依赖包 (platform-specific dependencies)</p>
<p>如果跟的是 <code>schemes</code> 或 <code>collections</code>, 那么输出的内容与不加 <code>--list</code> 相同.</p>
<h4 id="only-installed"><code>--only-installed</code></h4>
<p>如果指定这个选项, 那么 <code>tlmgr</code> 只会从本地安装的软件包, collections, 或者 schemes 中寻找信息, 而不使用安装的源.</p>
<h4 id="only-remote"><code>--only-remote</code></h4>
<p>只列出在远端仓库的软件包. 这个选项比较适合配合 <code>tlmgr --repo ...</code> 使用, 来查看某个软件包在某远端仓库是否可用, 用 <code>tlmgr --repo ... --only-remote info &lt;pkg...&gt;</code> 即可. <strong>注意</strong> <code>--only-installed</code> 和 <code>--only-remote</code> 不能同时指定.</p>
<h4 id="data-item1-item2..."><code>--data &lt;item1, item2,...&gt;</code></h4>
<p>如果制定了 <code>--data</code> 选项, 那它的参数只能从以下内容中选择: <code>name</code>, <code>category</code>, <code>localrev</code>, <code>remoterev</code>, <code>shortdesc</code>, <code>longdesc</code>, <code>installed</code>, <code>size</code>, <code>relocatable</code>, <code>depends</code>, <code>cat-version</code>, <code>cat-date</code>, <code>cat-license</code>, 以及字段 <code>cat-contact-*</code> (见下), 这些内容中间要用逗号<code>,</code>隔开.</p>
<p><code>cat-*</code> 字段全部从 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/catalogue">TeX Catalogue</a> 中获得. 对于每个字段都有两个变种, 带 <code>l</code> 前缀和带 <code>r</code> 前缀, 比如: <code>lcat-version</code> 与 <code>rcat-version</code>, 分别代表了本地和远端的信息. 如果不带 <code>l</code> 和 <code>r</code> 的选项, 那么就显示最近的一个, 通常来说是远端的信息.</p>
<p>按照这个写法, 那么 <code>cat-contact-*</code> 字段包括了 <code>home</code>, <code>repository</code>, <code>support</code>, <code>bugs</code>, <code>announce</code>, <code>development</code>, 每一个都可能为空, 或者含有一个 url 值, 比如可以用 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr info --data cat-contact-home amsmath</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 查看 <code>amsmath</code> 软件包的主页, 可以得到 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">❯❯ tlmgr info --data cat-contact-home amsmath</span><br><span class="line">http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 关于新软件包的简短的介绍可以在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ctan.org/upload">CTAN upload page</a> 上查看.</p>
<h4 id="json"><code>--json</code></h4>
<p>如果指定 <code>--json</code> 选项, 那么将会给出一个 JSON 格式的输出, 可以在 <code>tlpkg/doc/JSON-formats.txt</code> 查看格式信息, 格式定义在 <code>TLPOBJINFO1</code>. 如果 <code>--json</code> 和 <code>--data</code> 同时被指定, 那么 <code>--json</code> 的优先级会更高.</p>
<h3 id="init-usertree"><code>init-usertree</code></h3>
<p>为所谓的 <code>user mode magagement</code> 建立一个 <code>texmf</code> 树, 无论是在默认的用户树 <code>TEXMFHOME</code> 下, 还是一个被 <code>--usertree</code> 指定的树下. 见 <a href="#user-mode"><code>USER MODE</code></a>.</p>
<h3 id="install-option...-pkg..."><code>install [option...] &lt;pkg...&gt;</code></h3>
<p>安装每一个 <code>&lt;pkg...&gt;</code> 中提到的软件包, 如果它们没有被安装的话, 这个操作不会去动失敬存在的软件包, 如果想获得软件包的最新版本, 见 <code>update</code> 操作.</p>
<p>这个操作默认也会安装给定的 <code>&lt;pkg...&gt;</code> 的依赖文件. By default this also installs all packages on which the given <em>pkgs</em> are dependent.</p>
<p>下面是 <code>install</code> 操作特有的选项:</p>
<h4 id="dry-run-1"><code>--dry-run</code></h4>
<p>安装会发生的事情会被打印出来, 而不真进的行安装</p>
<h4 id="file"><code>--file</code></h4>
<p>从给定的软件包文件中安装软件包, 而不从安装仓库进行安装. 这些文件必须是标准的 TeX Live 软件包文件 (含有 <code>tlpobj</code> 文件)<a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref"><sup>3</sup></a></p>
<h4 id="force"><code>--force</code></h4>
<p>如果 <code>tlmgr</code> 本身或其他基本的部分正在升级, 那么 <code>tlmgr</code> 将会退出这次安装, 并且不会安装任何软件包. 如果给定了 <code>--force</code> 选项, 那么这次的安装依然会继续进行. <strong>不推荐使用</strong></p>
<h4 id="no-dependens"><code>--no-dependens</code></h4>
<p>不安装软件包的依赖. (默认设置下, 安装一个软件包要满足它的所有依赖)</p>
<h4 id="no-dependens-at-all"><code>--no-dependens-at-all</code></h4>
<p>略.</p>
<h4 id="reinstall"><code>--reinstall</code></h4>
<p>重新安装一个软件包 (包括它的依赖), 尽管它们看起来已经被安装了. 这个选项对于恢复在层级中不小心删除的软件包很有用.</p>
<p>当重新安装时, only dependencies on normal packages are followed. (i.e., not those of category Scheme or Collection)</p>
<h4 id="with-doc-与---with-src"><code>--with-doc</code> 与 <code>--with-src</code></h4>
<p><code>install-tl</code> 给了一个 "不安装文档/源文件" 的选项, 但是我们不推荐使用这个选项. (默认状态下会安装所有的文件). 如果用了这个选项, 那么当你想获得软件包的文档或者源文件的时候, 可以使用这两个选项与 <code>--reinstall</code>, 比如用 <code>fontspec</code> 宏包为例:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tlmgr install --reinstall --with-doc --with-src fontspec</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个操作不会在系统目录中自动添加新的符号链接, 需要手动运行 <code>tlmgr path add "path"</code> <span id="action-option"> <code>option</code> </span> <span id="user-mode"> <code>USER MODE</code> </span> <span id="multiple-repository"> <code>MULTIPLE REPOSITORY</code> </span></p>
<section class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
<hr />
<ol>
<li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote"><p>mirror.ctan.org resolves to many different hosts, and they are not perfectly synchronized; we recommend updating only daily (at most), and not more often.<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
<li id="fn2" role="doc-endnote"><p>这个表格来自 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/OsbertWang/install-latex-guide-zh-cn">install-latex-guide-zh-cn</a>.<a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
<li id="fn3" role="doc-endnote"><p>这里我没有看懂, 也没找到合适的例子.<a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
</ol>
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